FLEAS

Symptoms

Fleas are external parasites that live on the skin of dogs, feeding on their blood. Fleas can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

Itching and Scratching: Fleas cause intense itching, leading to frequent scratching, biting, and licking.
Hair Loss: Excessive scratching and biting can cause hair loss, especially around the base of the tail, groin, and underarms.
Red, Inflamed Skin: Flea bites cause irritation, leading to redness and sometimes scabs or sores.
Flea Dirt: Fleas leave behind tiny black specks in the fur, known as flea dirt, which are actually flea droppings.
Hot Spots or Rashes: In severe cases, flea bites can lead to hot spots, which are inflamed, infected areas of the skin.
Restlessness: Your dog may appear uncomfortable, restless, or constantly grooming.

Transmission

Fleas are commonly picked up from other animals or environments where fleas are present, including:

Outdoor areas: Fleas are often found in yards, especially in areas with high grass or dirt.
Other pets: If you have multiple pets, fleas can easily spread between animals.
Wildlife: Fleas can also be carried by wildlife such as squirrels or raccoons, which may enter your yard.
Infested homes: Fleas can be brought indoors by your dog or other pets, where they can thrive in carpets, bedding, and furniture.

Fleas reproduce quickly. A female flea can lay hundreds of eggs during her lifetime, making infestations severe if left untreated.

Diagnosis

Fleas are usually visible to the naked eye, but they can be hard to spot on your dog's fur. To diagnose a flea infestation:

Check for flea dirt: Comb through your dog's fur with a fine-toothed flea comb. If you see black specks (flea dirt), place them on a white paper towel or tissue, add a drop of water, and see if it turns red – this indicates it’s flea droppings.
Look for fleas: Fleas are small, reddish-brown insects that can be seen jumping on your dog. They often hide in areas where fur is dense, such as the tail base, belly, and groin area.

If you notice the above signs or have trouble finding fleas but still suspect an infestation, a visit to your veterinarian for confirmation may be needed.

Treatment

Flea Removal:

Flea Shampoos: A special flea shampoo can help kill fleas on contact. These are useful for immediate relief but should be used alongside a preventative treatment.
Flea Comb: Regularly combing your dog with a flea comb will help remove fleas and flea dirt from their coat.
Oral Medications: Oral flea preventatives like NexGard®, Simparica®, and Bravecto® kill fleas quickly and prevent future infestations. These are convenient and long-lasting options.
Topical Treatments: Products like Frontline® and Advantix® are applied to your dog’s skin and provide monthly protection.
Flea Collars: Flea collars such as Seresto® offer continuous protection for several months and are a great option for dogs who spend a lot of time outdoors.

For severe infestations, your vet may recommend additional treatments, including antibiotics for secondary skin infections or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.

Environmental Treatment:

Since fleas reproduce rapidly, it’s important to treat your home and yard:

Vacuum your home frequently, especially areas where your dog spends the most time. Flea eggs and larvae can live in carpets and upholstery.
Wash your dog’s bedding and any blankets or toys they use.
Treat your yard with flea sprays or pest control treatments that are safe for pets and children.
Use a household flea spray or fogger to kill any fleas that may be hiding in your home. Make sure to follow the product's instructions carefully.

Prevention

Fleas are easier to prevent than to treat, and there are several ways to keep them off your dog:

Year-round protection: Use monthly flea preventatives, even during the winter months, as fleas can survive indoors year-round.
Regular grooming: Regularly check your dog for signs of fleas and keep their coat clean and well-maintained.
Control the environment: Keep your home and yard clean, and avoid letting your dog come into contact with potentially flea-infested wildlife or areas.
Limit exposure to other animals: If your dog frequents parks or doggy daycares, ensure they are treated for fleas regularly.

Key Points to Remember

Flea infestations can lead to serious conditions like flea allergy dermatitis or anemia, particularly in puppies or small dogs.
Fleas can also transmit other diseases, such as tapeworms, which can further complicate your dog’s health.
If you’re unsure which flea product to use, consult your veterinarian for recommendations based on your dog’s age, size, and health condition.

Where to Find Preventatives

For trusted flea preventatives and treatments, visit the Shopping List section on my website for recommended products and links to order online. Protect your dog from the discomfort of fleas and the risks of flea-borne diseases!